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The oryx (Oryx gazella), also known as gemsbok, is native to arid regions. With its striking appearance and exceptional ability to adapt to harsh environments, it is one of Namibia’s most iconic wildlife species. A symbol of resilience and survival in extreme conditions, the oryx was chosen as the country’s national animal.
Oryx gazellas
Gemsbock
Oryx are diurnal animals that live in small herds of 10 to 20 individuals. Their diet consists primarily of grasses, though they occasionally feed on leaves and roots. One of their most remarkable adaptations is their ability to extract moisture from their food, allowing them to survive for extended periods without direct water intake. During dry seasons, they can adjust their metabolism to minimise water loss, further enhancing their resilience in arid environments.
Built for Heat & Aridity
Gemsbock
GUIDE KNOWLEDGE: ORYX ANTELOPE
Oryx are known for their striking appearance: their sandy-coloured coat is complemented by bold black-and-white facial markings (mask), as well as black stripes along their belly and legs. This colouration provides excellent camouflage in their preferred habitat—open, dry savannahs and semi-desert landscapes.
Both males and females sport long, straight horns that can grow up to 120 cm in length. These horns, which have a slight twist, are used primarily for defence and territorial battles. The horns of females tend to be thinner and more pointed than those of males.
Like waterbucks and kudus, oryx can reproduce year-round. However, in regions with seasonal rainfall (rainy season), births are more frequent during the wetter months. After a gestation period of approximately nine months, the female gives birth to a single calf. To remain well-camouflaged on the sandy terrain, newborns have a light brown coat—distinctive markings only appear as they grow.
One of the oryx’s most remarkable adaptations is its ability to withstand extreme heat with minimal water intake. It can regulate its body temperature by allowing it to rise during the hottest parts of the day, reducing heat absorption from the environment and conserving water. Additionally, its kidneys produce highly concentrated urine, further minimising water loss.
This exceptional ability to thrive in one of the world’s most challenging environments makes the oryx a true desert survivor and a symbol of endurance in Namibia’s vast wilderness.